There are no surprises in the deal announced today to reform the banking system, to prevent banks making the kind of risky loans and investments that precipitated the worst global economic crisis since the 1930s.

But it’s nonetheless a historic event that the world’s 20 most powerful economies have signed up for these reforms – because they represent the death knell for the Anglo-American doctrine that economies flourish when financial firms are left alone to do as they please.

Indeed.

18:32 BST: Buried under all the G20 news has been the potentially groundbreaking meeting between Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, which resulted in an agreement to reduce the nuclear arms of both sides much further than the current agreement demands. This could be very important…

18:30 BST: A wise comment from the Guardian’s Andrew Sparrow (whose live-blog was probably better than mine but nowhere near as epic!):

I’ve been busy updating our main story, having sat through the opening of Brown’s statement. First reaction: I found myself sitting there thinking ‘David Cameron could not pull off an event like this’. That’s not because I think Cameron’s a lightweight. I don’t. It’s because the most important summit conclusions involve international finance, global trade and the inner workings of organisations like the IMF and there are probably very few prime ministers or presidents in the world who understand this stuff as well as Brown.

18:20 BST: Lest I be judged  by my comments below to have been a bit too harsh on the protests, I want to stress that I have great respect for most of them. I say most of them, because the anarchists were just so annoying. Proper anarchism is really cool. It’s an extremely sophisticated ideology . These guys, however, were just pathetic. Bad anarchists!  The majority of protests, however, made some good points.The fact remains, though, that they surely made no difference on the summit at all. If you want to get something changed, you focus on it like a laser and you don’t go off message. But the protests were never on message to begin with – from homelessness to climate change to ending the war to the death of capitalism; only a minority were  actually focused on the topics of the summit! The question becomes then – did they really want to influence the summit? Or did they just want to get their message out there in a sort of vague picture of defiance?  In their defence, however, you could respond that they never stood a chance anyway: governments don’t respond to the people anymore. No-one listened to Iraq protests, for example and they were very focused. So it’s an interesting debate. But I do think that they could have maybe stood a chance at getting some traction if they focused on one message and, you know, stuck to it.

18:13 BST: Here’s the full text of the communique, courtesy of the Guardian. There’s tonnes of details here…

18:10 BST: Oh and I forgot to add that hedge funds and other non-banking institutions will come under the aegis of this new Financial Stability board. Since the mysterious financing of hedge funds helped to exacerbate the mess, this is also good news; but again it all depends on how strong the regulation is…

18:05 BST: The headlines are focusing on the issues of tax havens and that $1 trillion figure, but there’s tonnes of other stuff that’s just as interesting. For example, there’s going to be a new Financial Stability Board that will work with the IMF to monitor the risk of banking transactions and impose limits on things like capital reserves and leverage requirements (not to mention executive bonuses.) This is absolutely crucial in getting the banks back on track and preventing such a crisis happening again, since it was an inherent failure in the banks’s ability to evaluate “systemic risk” that made the crisis so bad. This is pretty complicated and I’ll come back to this another time, but suffice to say it’s a good move – that is, as long as this new regulatory body actually has proper regulatory oversight.

17:54 BST: A timely article over at Foreign Policy discussing whether protests ever work. I agree with its basic conclusion: protests have to be unified and targeted; and focused on changing the system not overthrowing it. The G20 protests were none of these things and so I’m afraid that they’ve had absolutely no effect whatsoever.

17:46 BST: Did Sarkozy and Merkel get their victory? Or was there never any “victory” to begin with? Everyone was in agreement over the basic regulatory provisions. and had been for weeks. The real controversy-  over the possibility of national stimulus packages – was won by Merkel and Sarkozy weeks ago, and so it was no surprise to see no such provisions today. However, Sarkozy must be feeling pleased that the language on tax havens was quite fierce. In the big picture, it’s not really much of an issue, but he’ll make a big deal of it, which is fair enough…

17:44 BST: Canadian PM Steven Harper’s absence in the photo is not going down well in Canada…

17:35 BST: Mark Brough in the comments points out, completely correctly, that I’ve been claiming all through this live-blog be on “GMT” time – Greenwich Mean Time – when in fact, because the hour went forward last week, we are now on “BST” – British standard Time…. Um… My bad!

17:20 GMT: Okay, they’re replaying Sarkozy’s press conference; he’s really laid it on thick… “There’s something moving about this…”; “Who could imagine?”  Definitely basking…

17:14 GMT: Question from Mark Bailey in the comments: does Brown get a boost in the polls from this? Hmm, tricky one that. On the one hand, this trillion dollar figure could backfire; it’s not quite what Obama and Brown wanted in the sense that there’s no commitment to plow government stimulus packages directly into G20 countries. Further, we should expect to see many journalists tomorrow asking the question: How does this help us? How does this help Britain? After all, it’s hard to see how increased IMF funding for developing countries helps the unemployed back in Britian. However, I find it hard to believe that he doesn’t get at least a small boost. I mean, come on: for two days he’s been the public greeter, charman, conductor and organiser of the world’s twenty most powerful people. He’s  even managed to outshine to Obama… (who has appeared quite tired) Moreover, though you can argue over how concrete the provisions are,  there’s no doubt that this is a groundbreaking agreement. And as long as you think globally, then the agreement is very good for Britain in terms of more secure, regualted international finance and trade . The trick for Brown will be getting the British people to realise this. It’s not an automatic thought process; but if he gets the point across then he could get a very significant boost. I still think he’d benefit from giving us a proper stimulus, though…

17:09 GMT: Didn’t listen to French President Nicolas Sarkozy’s press conference, because it was, if you believe it, held at the same time as Gordon Brown’s! Oh, Sarko! But the consensus seems to be that he did a lot of boasting on his achievements re. hedge funds, strong regulation and, crucially, tax havens. Arguably he deserves to boast – he got the strong language he wanted on tax havens; the naming and shaming in particular. He also apparently did some typical admonsishing of journalists. Never a dull moment with this guy…

17:00: GMT: Gordon Brown spoke well at his press conference and the final communique is, on the face of it, pretty impressive. But the criticisms are already forming: is the language against protectionism strong enough? Are there any provisions to force everyone to stick to these agreements? Are there really any sanctions against tax havens? And crucially, is the $1 trillion “stimulus”  really a stimulus, or just a series of provisional loans? There’s certainly no concrete agreements to force governments to plow stimulus money directly into their own country – no direct stimulus. But make no mistake, the IMF funding etc is very significant.

16:40 GMT: Okay, so all the rumours are no more and now we have the final communique – the final version. It’s incredibly complicated, as you might expect. My head hurts just thinking about it. The “headlines” appear to be the following:

- A $1.1 Trillion global stimulus comprised of: $500 billion in extra funding for the IMF; $250 billion in “special drawing rights” – in effect a cheap IMF overdraft facility for poor countries – $250 billion in world trade funding and $250 billion  for “multi-lateral development banks” like the world bank to give to really poor countries

- a multi-tiered “blacklist” list of tax havens that is being published today – here comes the naming and shaming!

16:35 GMT: Clever Channel 4 question: What are the sanctions to make sure countries actually do all this stuff? Brown points out that the IMF will be watching and assess it regularly, and we’ll meet again to check up on stuff in the autumn. Hmmm….

16:31 GMT: What does this mean to the person watching at home? Brown responds by emphasising that today’s developments means that people’s savings, investments and businesses will soon be much safer. “Dealing with the international hurricane that has lashed our shores as well”.

16:27 GMT: Really geeky question about tax havens; basically asking is this really the end of tax havens? Brown says this is the start of the end; a major step forward; outlines three-tier system of tax havens as I described below. We’ll expand the reach later, says Brown.

16:22 GMT: Oooh…. an interesting question from a Chinese journalist: “you say the era of washington thinking is over, but is the era of washington currency”… he’s talking about the possibility of a global reserve currency as proposed by the Chinese. Hope Fox news doesn’t get onto this, as they seem to think that this means replacing the dollar altogether! Brown explains it well…

16:19 GMT: A CNBC guy asks about the controversial breaches of EU countires re. protectionsim: Gordon Brown responds by reiterating that the kind of world trade funding seen today is a boon for free trade.

16:15 GMT: Nick Robinson, the annoying BBC political correspondent asks his question: and his mic doesn’t work! Hahahaha! When he finally asks his question, he tackles one of the main issues, albeit in an annoying, disingenuous way: isn’t the “stimulus” just a series of loans that isn’t techncially a stimulus and won’t help, for example, people in the UK? Gordon Brown rather niftily turns round by pointing out that since we now have a global stimulus, it turns out that the main controversy everyone was talking about wasn’t actually a controversy at all. Clever, although Robinson may have a point about the nature of the “stimulus”. This needs more analaysis later…

16:10 GMT: Gordon Brown is speaking. Lots of stuff here. Six main pledges:

1. Reform the banking system
2. Clean up banks’ toxic assets
3. $1 trillion global stimulus, mainly to the IMF (as described below)
4. Action on global poverty
5. Kick start international trade
6. Seek agreement on post 2012 climate change plan

More analysis later, but first let’s see the questions.

15:53 GMT: Mark Bailey again, from the comments:

I’ve said it once and I’ll say it again: I love Sarkozy!

15:46 GMT: Surely not: it’s looking like Gordon Brown’s closing remarks might be happening at the same time as French President Sarkozy’s press conference! What??? Split screen chaos, here we come!

15:44 GMT: Meanwhile, here’s what we haven’t heard about in detail but we’ll probably see: Fairly strong but not watertight language against protectionism, fairly strong regualtions for hedge funds, possibility of a general regulatory body for global banks, stricter capital/leverage requirements, a new system for regualted ratings agencies, and super-vague language on public stimulus packages. Oh, and maybe some bonus crackdowns too.

15:34 GMT: While we wait, another summary of what we (probably) know so far is definitely part of the G20 agreement:

A package of over a trillion dollars, technically a stimulus package, (see my comments below) which consists of a $750 billion increase in IMF funding that can be used to help developing countries, a $250 billion increase in “special drawing rights” for the IMF – the cheap overdaft facility for poor countries that I talked about below – and at least a $100 billion funding for world trade. Also, an agreement to publish a multi-tiered blacklist of tax havens.

15:30 GMT: Mere minutes away from the Press Conference. This is definitely it, people!

15:28 GMT: Papers including the Guardian are calling the decision to delay publication of the tax-haven blacklist as a partial defeat for France in favour of the likes of China. Perhaps, but you really have to stress the word partial…

15:22 GMT: I’m now into my ninth hour of live-blogging, and I have to say I have enormous respect for the kind of established bloggers who do this regularly… I’m exhausted. The G20 summit may save the world’s economy, but it’ll be the death of me…

15:17 GMT: The BBC just replayed an interview from earlier with UK Climate Change & Energy Secretary Ed Milliband, who gamely tried to assert that climate change issues were also being addressed at the G20 today. Nice of him to try, but I can’t think of  a single provision that will help the environment. Best he can hope for is some vague niceties. And quite right too: this is about saving the economy. Climate change can come later…

15:14 GMT: For more on tax haven news and details, see the Financial Times. Note also that the G2O won’t be publishing a list today; there’ll just be a vague mention of it and then the OECD itself will actually publish the list later…

15:12 GMT: News is leaking out about the decisions on naming and shaming tax havens… basically there’s going to be a sort of three-tier list published by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). One tier will be the sort-of-good-guys: the countries that have already shared information.  Then there’ll be the countries that are sort of promising to do so. Then there’s just the downright naughty ones that aren’t doing squat. So, sort of like a, uh, multi-hued blacklist….

15:11 GMT: Okay, just  a red herring… no press conference yet.

15:10 GMT: Here we go…… Gordon Brown speaks!

15:06 GMT: Funny how things turn out – all the talk about how Gordon and Barack won’t be getting their global fiscal stimulus, and yet now all the news is focused on a  global fiscal stimulus. Of course, the devil’s in the details: this isn’t the kind of stimulus we’ve been talking about that will directly help the populations of developed countries like Britain and the rest of Europe. It’s a stimulus via the IMF, as I described below. On the other hand, this is a big boon for developing, poorer countries. However, it doesn’t look like there’s going to be a new public spending fiscal stimulus for any developed countries. This could cause problems for Gordon Brown, since we may end up with a summit that, commendably, helps brazil and India but doesn’t directly help the UK…

14:59 GMT: It’s looking like all the measures I described a few updates ago – funding for the IMF, special drawing rights for the IMF, increase in world trade funding – are going to total around $1 trillion dollars. Expect, therefore the “trillion dollar stimulus” to be one of the main headlines to come out of today’s agreement – funny how everything always comes to a nice round number, isn’t it?

14:38 GMT: Okay, I understood nothing that Bob Geldof just said. I’m not entirely sure he did, either.  I think he just woke up and walked into the building and started quoting his dreams or something. Great stuff, regardless.

14:37 GMT:  “But the truth is that they may as well protest against themselves, because we sucked on the tit of free money and the bloated bubble that burst was us.” -  Bob Geldof, being interviewed by the BBC!

14:25: Following on from Lewis Hamilton’s punishment, more proof that this is a great day for the burying of bad news: Israel’s new foreign minister, the notorious racist Avigdor Lieberman, recently announced in his inaugration speech that the Annapolis peace agreement of 2007 has no force because it was never ratified by the Israeli parliament. More evidence that Israel’s new  extreme right-wing government has no interest in a two-state solution…

14:22 GMT: Via Matthew Yglesias, why IMF reform is so welcome

14:19 GMT: I wonder why all the news and rumours coming out of the meetings are focused on stimuli of things like the IMF and world trade, but nothing on regulations? Does that mean that everyone’s in agreement on things like hedge funds, tax havens and regualtory bodies, or does it mean that there’s so much disagreement that there’s nothing concrete enough for a rumour? I suspect the former…

14:11 GMT: A couple more points to add to what I’ve written below: First, the news I just described does seem to be concerned with what is in effect a kind of global stimulus, though not the kind we’ve been talking about the past few weeks. Basically it seems like the IMF itself is being given a stimulus in order to help struggling countries. As for the “special drawing rights” I talked about, this is really big news: if you didn’t get my explanation below (and I don’t balme you, it’s horrifically complicated) then let me simplify further: it’s a cheap overdraft facility for struggling countries. It’s too early to tell whether this is all true, or even if it’s that good… but this is definitely big news

14:09 GMT: Let’s see what we know so far. First, it looks like there’s been an agreement to triple IMF funding to $750 billion – it was previously thought to be only being doubled. This effectively menas that surplus countries like China will be helping to fund a massive spending boost for the world’s economy, which will particularly aid the struggling developing countries, who can be bailed out by the IMF if they get into trouble. Further, it looks like around $200 billion dollars will be provided to boost struggling world trade. Finally, there’s something that’s being called the “global equivalent of quantitative easing” – a fantastically complicated scheme called ’special drawing rights’ that is being funded to the tune of a $250 billion. Basically, in really simple terms this is how it works:  the IMF creates the money for a”cheap overdraft facility”, whereby countries who can’t afford to lend in normal markets get to lend at really cheap (American) interest rates from the IMF. This cheap overdraft facility is being mainly funded by America and China, who will get a lot of the money back through a complicated system of loans. For more on all of this, see BBC business editor Robert Peston’s blog and the blog of the BBC economics editor Stephanie Flanders.

13:52 GMT: After Canadian Premier  Steven Harper was caught in the toilet for the first official photo, Italian PM Berlusconi went and missed the second one! And the Saudi King didn’t turn up either! This is getting pretty funny…

13:46 GMT: I don’t want to sound patronising, but I can’t help but wonder what some of the protestors today hope to achieve. I’m referring specifically to those protesting about climate change or ending war etc… These issues, though important are very much not on the table today  – and they were never going to be, because we’re in a devastating economic crisis. And as for the people protesting about the Congo; a crucial and scandolously overlooked issue, I grant you, but in terms of recognition you could not have picked a worse day! Come on people. This is basic PR…

13:38 GMT: Okay, I want to briefly look at the subject of rating agencies – one of the not-so-exciting but still crucial issues on the table today. Basically, ratings agencies are responsible for giving a grade to the financial instruments of banks – so, for example, a premier investment bank would expect to be given a triple A rating for its bonds and other securities. The better your grade, the less risky a financial institution used to be perceived. The problem was, since banks could choose their rating agencies,we had the situation where the agencies themselves were loathe to downgrade the ratings of banks, lest no-one want to use them. Thus high grades were given to what was essentially junk and no-one knew it was junk till it was too late. Hopefully today we will see a solution to this problem, whether this be government controlled agencies or randomly assigned agencies…

13:11 GMT: Emily Buchanan of the BBC had a good line, saying the summit meeting was like the “Challenge Aneka” of global politics. She also pointed out that each world leader effectively had eleven minutes to make their case… (though presumably someone could always get some more time by nicking the eleven minutes of, say, Australia or South Africa…)

13:06 GMT: Reports flying around of breakfast discussions with finance ministers in which they’ve agreed that tax havens need to be named and shamed through some kind of published list – but when will it be published? Also, it looks like $250 billion dollars of drawing rights have been created for the IMF. This is very complex, but it’s sort of like saying to the IMF: create some new money for us! It’s good news anyway…

13:04 GMT: The canadian prime minister Steve Harper was in the gents while the official photograph was taken. Hahaha

12:52 GMT: Mark Bailey, from the comments, in response to my mention of news of a further meeting:

The second summit will probably be what was going to be the Sardinian G8: check out Andrew Rawnsley’s funny evocation of probable Berlusconian irritation about being upstaged: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/mar/29/gordon-brown-g20-andrew-rawnsley

12:46 GMT: For the sake of my personal safety, I just want to clarify that I think that’s a bad thing…

12:42 GMT: Just been looking at the official photograph and was struck by something: the 29 most powerful people in the world and only two are women!  I don’t want to make too big a deal out out of this, but even so!

12:33 GMT: As of now, this is what’s on the respective news channels – CNN: coverage of G20. Sky news: coverage of G20. Bloomberg: Coverage of G20. Euronews: Coverage of G20. NBC: coverage of G20. BBC: Coverage of G20. CNBC: Coverage of G20

Fox news?: Coverage of a baby deer coming out of a cat flap, under the heading of “Things we like”…

Says it all, really, doesn’t it?

1231 GMT:   While I was ranting about the police, the BBC were interviewing British Chancellor Alistair Darling who seemed pretty convinced that concrete action on tax havens was going to be agreed upon.

12:18 GMT: For more on the police’s tactics, see George Monbiot’s blog post in the Guardian. As you might expect from Monbiot, it’s a particularly devastating riposte. In particular he makes the great point that the police seem to create the violence they react to: in other words police violently entering a peaceful protest with riot gear suddenly find themselves with a riot on their hands

12:17 GMT: Let’s talk about the police for a moment. There’s no doubt that a small minority of protesters were acting up yesterday, for example the rather obviously choreographed smashing of the windows of a branch of the Royal Bank of Scotland. But the vast vast majority were just, you know, protesting – and yet all we seemed to see yesterday were riot police in their ridiculous armour, beating the living sh** out of anyone in front of them. There’s something genuinely scary when you see, in a supposedly democratic country like the UK, police in full, “I’m going to a medieval jousting session” riot gear wantonly whacking people with their shields and batons as a form of crowd control. Note to the police: a whack to the head with a potentially lethal object is not the equal and opposite reaction to a few taunts and a bit of shoving.

12:00 GMT: Just been watching the Fox News coverage, such as it is, of the G20 summit. As you might imagine it’s uniformly terrible, hopefully we’ll get some particulatly hilarious ignorant quotes later on.

11.47 GMT: FTSE 100 opens above 4000 following G20 optimism. Okay, so I get why this is technically good – optimistic markets are better than falling ones – but why do we focus so much on their daily upticks? As economist Dean Baker has pointed out, if a country today announced a massive tax hike for the poor or middle class, then that country’s markets would rally impressively, even though this policy would still be disastrous for their economy. In other words, the markets are not inherently sensible- they respond to what is good for bankers, not necessarily what is good for people. Can we stop obsessing over their ups and downs, please?

11.43 GMT: Reports coming through of an agreement in the draft to give $500 billion to the IMF. This is good news. Japan, in particular, is putting up around $100 billion. Go Japan!

11:40 GMT: BBC police source quoted earlier saying that the reason not that many protestors are out in force yet is because anarchists tend to get up pretty late in the afternoon. Boom boom! Surely, the anarchist would reply, this is merely a result of the state’s arbitrary working hours? No?

11:29 GMT: Some journalists are pointing out that there’s probably going to be a commitment in the finished agreement to meet again later in the year. This is good news – a commitment to meet in the near future will help make any summit promises seem more tangible and immediate – there’s nothing leaders like more than yet another summit to aim at. Also, note that a provision saying this is included in the supposed draft leaked to the Financial Times. (paragraph 24) Does this mean we get to do this all again? Go live-blog!

11.25 GMT: It’s worth reflecting for a moment that, though it’s good to see that we’re probably going to get strong, moral regulatory reform coming out of this summit, it’s nevertheless a massive shame that there probably won’t be any concrete commitments for an increased global stimulus. I touched on this in my post Fiddling while Rome Burns: Britain’s missing stimulus (in particular in the comments section of that post) but briefly, and at the risk of over-simplifying the arguments of  leading economists, here’s why the argument against more deficit spending is wrong: Europe – Germany in particular – is against more stimulus because they are worried about a) inflation and b) the cost of future debt incurred by big stimulus packages. a) is silly, however, because we are facing a deflationary environment rather than an inflationary one and while future inflation can be warded off, current deflation is much more dangerous (indeed, we actually need inflation in the short term – this is the point of many of the current monetary measures currently being put in place) b), meanwhile, doesn’t make sense because though an increase in goernemnt debt should always be of concern, it’s nowhere near as big a concern as an extended global downturn which is what may happen if sufficient fiscal stimuluses aren’t put in place . Basically European leaders have been suffering from long-termism: in other words, they’re ignoring short-term relief in order to focus on long term interests even though if they don’t look after their short term interests then they won’t get the chance to enjoy their long-term ones.

11.15 GMT: Over at the American Prospect, another good intro/summary article about the G20: How Obama should approach the G20

11:00 GMT: Lewis Hamilton should count himself lucky: the announcement that he will be stripped of last week’s third place in the Melbourne grand prix could not have come out on a better news day…

10:54 GMT: Gordon’s introductory remarks, lots of reference to paragraphs in the draft that all the leaders have in front of them. Emphasis on the paragraphs about protectionism, a real concern for Brown and one of the more controversial areas. This is a great time, by the way, to link to what is claimed to be a leaked draft of the summit’s agreement in the financial times. More on this  later…

10:49 GMT: Everyone now sat round an impressive table. Obama next to Brown. U.S. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner to Obama’s right; Geithner has recently announced plans to regulate hedge funds that won’t be so dissimiliar from the plans in the summit today. He’s also announced controversial plans to give the american government power to take over any failing american financial institution. Geithner is very much leading the pack in terms of global regulation…

1038 GMT: UK business secretary Peter Mandelson’s comment that Gordon is being excessively ambitious – in a good way – is getting a suprising amount of play. Of course he is being ambitious! He’s expecting thirty world leaders to come to an agreement to fix the world’s economy and regulatory systems in just two days! The fact that this is probably going to happen is a real testament to his organisational abilities and his vision. He may be a doomed Prime Minister, but this is a real, monumental achievement – he will never in his life have another day like this.

10:34 GMT: Gordon Brown will be addressing the summit shortly. What a momentous moment for Britian’s prime minister…

10:32 GMT: World leaders gather for the official photograph… Angela Merkel wearing a very bright red dress. Um, not much else to say here…

10:26 GMT: Jamie Oliver’s meal for the world leaders at Downing Street last night came in, so he claims, at £12.50. Great…

10:22 GMT: A couple of good articles on what we can expect to come out of the summit: Will Hutton in the Observer last Sunday and a good introductory article from the Economist.

10:15 GMT: The BBC is reporting that there are rumours that a strict crackdown on executive pay will be announced. Meanwhile, the BBC’s business editior Robert Peston (who, by the way, is a pleasure to watch) is reitirating the things that aren’t quite agreed: decisions on trade, funding for the international monetary fund and exact numbers of aid to the poorer countries in crisis. Again, it’s worth emphasising that though many of the details have already been sorted out by finance ministers days ago, the exact numbers – and we’re talking billions here – have yet to be decided.

9:55 GMT: It’s worth pointing out how incredible it has been seeing around thirty of the world’s most powerful people hanging round together for two days – sometimes in the same room. For a great example of this, check out the video coverage of yesterday’s reception with the queen. (hat tip Mark Bailey) My favourite bit is when the camera focuses on German premier Angela Merkel chatting with the Queen of England while in the background you can hear US Secretary of State Hilary Clinton joking with French President Nicolas Sarkozy. Incredible…

9:41 GMT: Thousands of protestors are expected back in London today. Yesterday, 86 were arrested, 4 were charged and around 4,000 were brutally beaten by the batons of riot squads. (that last figure’s more of a rough estimate)

9: 37 GMT: Short version of what I’ve been saying over the past few minutes: Draft agreement written weeks ago. Boring! But potential for lots of last minute changes… Exciting!

9:29 GMT: Media fiction: France and germany are going head to head with Britain and the US! Merkel and Sarkozy don’t want a global fiscal stimulus, while Brown and Obama are worried about the extent of Europe’s regulatory demands! Who will win? We just don’t know! Will Sarkozy walk out? Will Gordon get his stimulus? Who knows!!!

Reality: Most of the details have already been prepared. Everyone’s in tandem on most of the regulatory reforms, while the global fiscal stimulus stopped being a possibility weeks ago – France and Germany have won that argument, though we might get a vague agreement on some kind of stimulus. But on everything else, everyone’s in tandem.

That’s not to say that there aren’t still issues of contention. The main things that still need to be hammered out include the somewhat controversial details of any plans re. tax havens and how much to give to the IMF. But in general, the framework is already in place.  See BBC economics editor Stephanie Flanders’ excellent post for more.

9:11 GMT:   The BBC’s business editor Robert Peston has a couple of great posts up on his blog about travelling to the summit this morning and the sheer scale of the summit’s interior. He also makes the great, albeit rather grumpy, point that Sarkozy helped Gordon Brown immensely yesterday in the sense that his concerns made it look like everything hasn’t been agreed to, even though it, uh, has. Having said that, there are still some potential disagreements to be ironed out but it cannot be emphasied enough that the agreement is mostly in place already.

9:00 GMT: By the way, feel free to leave your comments on this live-blogging thread, especially if you think at any point I’m talking rubbish (which, given the marathon nature of this live-blogging session, is very probable)

8:54 GMT: Here’s a quick look at the likely substance of any agreement made today, bearing in mind that, despite what the media likes to claim, most of it has generally been agreed – though there a few minor disagreements to be sorted out and details to be finalised, the skeleton framework is essentially in place.  I’ll be looking at these in greater detail throughout the day:

1) A massive boost to the International Monetary Fund’s budget, the exact amount to be agreed (think $500 billion) 2) An agreement to provide aid to the those ailing, poor economies that need emergency rescues – think Eastern Europe 3) Agreements on trade, in particular a conviction to steer away from protectionism 4) Bringing shadowy tax havens into the sunlight 5) A regulatory system for hedge funds and any other financial institutions that need closer regulation 6) Some kind of proper trading market for the kind of deadly financial instruments that helped to exacerbate the crisis (think credit default swaps) 7) An agreement to reform the bonus/compensation culture 8) A global regulatory system to monitor the big banks, control systemic risk and ensure they don’t start doing stupid stuff again 9) New regulation for  stricter leverage and capital requirements for banks, along with a better ratings system for financial products 10) A vague commitment to some kind of potential, perhaps, for some kind of agreement to put in place, maybe, some manner of  global fiscal stimulus, at some point in the indeterminate future. (Me? Skeptical? Never!)

8:35 GMT: Just been looking at last night’s seating plan (see below); lest you should think that not much thought went into it, bear in mind that Gordon Brown was sat next to the Chinese premier (keeper of the world’s debt) and the king of Saudi Arabia (keeper of the world’s oil). Also, surely no coincidence that Obama was sat next to German premier Angela Merkel – Obama perhaps was laying out the case for a global stimulus to a skeptical Merkel. I’m sure you can find some more logic to the seating…

8.33 GMT: Sarkozy just arrived and as usual looks like the most entertaining guy in the building…

8:30 GMT: Quote of yesterday? Gordon Brown citing the President of Brazil, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva: “‘When I was leader of the trade unions, I blamed the government, when I became leader of the opposition, I blamed the government, when I became the government, I blamed Europe and America.” In other words, it’s a global problem, stupid…

7:56 GMT: By the way, if anyone was wondering what the seating plan was like for the Downing Street dinner for the world leaders last night, then take a look for yourself. Fascinating stuff…

741: GMT: World leaders arriving at Londond’s dockland, where the talks will take place… and here is Barack Obama, in the ridiculously large armoured monster known as “The Beast”…

7: 33 GMT: Hello! Welcome to Entangled Alliances’ live-blogging of the G20 Summit, at the ridiculously early time of 7.30 am. Today should be very exciting; we should hopefully be seeing nothing less than an agreed framework for a complete renovation in the global regulatory system. Either that or a Nicolas Sarkozy walk-out. Either way, things should be interesting and we’ll be there every step of the way… (well, through the medium of television and the internet. We won’t literally be there. Sadly…) Unless otherwise stated by the way, this is Edward live-blogging.

photo credit: Today is a good day

“The world should consider adopting the Nordic approach to capitalism and learn from the region’s response to its financial and economic crisis in the 1990s in the attempt to stave off recession, according to the chairman of two of Europe’s biggest companies.

Jorma Ollila, chairman of Nokia, the mobile phone maker, and oil major Royal Dutch Shell, said the Nordic style of capitalism was characterised by openness to globalisation balanced by strong government programmes to protect people from its excesses and an egalitarian education system.”

I’m a huge fan of the nordic model for Government, economics and to some extent even society.  The Scandinavian economies and even their welfare system have proved remakrably resilient in recent years, despite being targets for right-wing attacks (particulalrly in the US) and bizarrely O’Reilly feels Sweden is a nightmare communist state.

They’ve shown that globalisation need not be a negative as long as the state acts as a levelling tool, of course such engineering would be far harder in more economically diverse countries such as the UK and France, but in principles the direction is a positive one.

photo credit: kurotashiO!

Since then, things have got worse for the French.  Francophones are increasingly threatened, not just in international organisations where English is an easy mutual method of communication, but also by the infiltration of the language of Shakespeare into that of Molière.  The Académie Française can’t be pleased about all the people sending textos or emails (which it insists on calling mél), if they don’t have time for le chat.  This worrying trend has even seeped into the corridors of power.  Chirac must be seething to find that under a successor derisively called l’Américain, the Higher Education Minister feels happy to defy Gallic loyalty, winning this year’s “prize” for services against French, the Prix de la Carpette Anglaise (think doormat):

Her crime: proclaiming to the press that she had no intention of speaking French when attending European meetings in Brussels, because, she said, it was quite obvious that English was now the easiest mode of communication.

Outside France, where resistance, especially through its “linguistic Commonwealth”, the International Organisation of Francophonie, is strongest, English is surging ahead more quickly.  Last week’s Economist reported on efforts by European news websites, such as Der Spiegel (Germany), NRC Handelsblad (Holland) and Politiken (Denmark) to offer content in English.  As The Economist points out, this affords an opportunity for the first real pan-European exchange of ideas:

It has proved helpful to journalists seeking interviews with world leaders. Kees Versteegh of NRC Handelsblad talks of creating a European “demos”, but also admits to frustration at publishing some “very fine pieces” in Dutch that the rest of the world never notices.

The trend-lines are not all rosy for Anglophones, however.  The Economist concludes on the glum note (for proponents of multilingualism, at least) that the rise of English will inevitably lead to a situation where “continental” Europeans are increasingly bilingual (60% of Europeans under 24 already speak English “well” or “very well”), while Anglophones, already sitting pretty, will be increasingly content to be monolingual.  This alone is cause for concern.  Learning a foreign language broadens the mind, promoting pluralism and tolerance.

This is only the first problem, however.  Paradoxically, the hubris of English-speakers risks that they will be left out in the cold.  English may be the chosen medium of communication in European Parliament committee meetings or trade delegations, but English speakers are sometimes the hardest to follow given their idiomatic flair.  Moreover, a world speaking English as a second language risks debasing it.  Already, the Esperanto of the 21st century has emerged, but “Globish” as it styles itself, looks terribly familiar.  It is English reduced to only 1,500 words, attuned to the needs of business, but hardly to nuance or poetry.  Anglophones are feeling the heat.  And whose creation is Globish?  A Frenchman’s!

Monsieur Nerrière is a retired French businessman who one day in the course of his work made a fascinating observation.  In a meeting with colleagues from around the world, including an Englishman, a Korean and a Brazilian, he noticed that he and the other non-native English speakers were communicating in a form of English that was completely comprehensible to them, but which left the Englishman nonplussed.

He, Jean-Paul Nerrière, could talk to the Korean and the Brazilian in this neo-language, and they could understand each other perfectly.  But the Englishman was left out because his language was too subtle, too full of meaning that could not be grasped by the others.

Could it be that the French were right all along?  In our search for a collective language to further commercial aims, do we risk devaluing England’s greatest gift the world, her language?  And can we, in light of Orwell’s warnings, be comfortable with the reduction of the complexity of our language to suit transitory needs?

Allons enfants de Shakespeare…!

photo credit: doug.siefken

Another issue puts this into a wider context. Back in 2005 141 US Mayors  signed the Mayors Climate Protection Agreement.  By 2007, 500 US Mayors had signed. The pact agreed to aim to meet Kyoto limits and was a slap in the face to the Bush administration, who throughout its 8 years opposed or held up any serious Climate Change agreement.

What marks both out is their decision to create policy outside of national Government and beyond their national borders  indicating a remarkable shift in traditional political power structures. While the US has always had stronger support for the Mayoral system than the UK, the gap may be coming to an end as a new era of urban self-determination could become increasingly prominent in 21st century politics.

David Cameron recently wrote an article in the Guardian, asking for greater devolvement of power. This isn’t exactly a new theme, and the article is somewhat ironic given it was Thatcher more than anyone else that smashed local Government control in the UK.  Look past thishowever and you will see a key piece of Cameron’s plan is for 12 new mayoral systems to be established across the UK.  The rise of mayoral politics is undoubtedly a symbol of our growing urbanisation, with over 50% of the world’s population now living in urban areas, the traditional local government structures, of geographical region will need serious reform to cope with the growing power of cities.

There are reasons to think this is a positive development; the recent intensity around London’s election, which saw Conservative Boris Johnson oust incumbent Ken Livingstone was a testament to the shifting identities in the UK and around the world , and a subsequent need for new democratic structures to represent and engage people.

Furthermore, cities are fundamentally different from other traditional units, continuous, dense economic hubs with high stress on resources and infrastructure,  usually multicultural and often far more integrated into the global economy,change is a permanent state in the city and as such the mayoral system with greater executive power is in my opinion far more appropriate.

These two pieces of legislation, remarkable in their breadth, vision and justified belief in the importance of cities for global issues is a strongly positive symbol of the globalized society to find new routes to enact the urgent change we need to tackle Climate Change, and hopefully arrest the lethargy in national goverment in addressing urgent issues.